At one time the largest clay pipe factory in America, supplying a national and international market with one million pipes a month as late as 1935, the Pamplin Pipe Factory preserves not only its large round kiln and connected chimney but the archaeological remains of several consecutive periods of clay pipe manufacture. Clay pipes, similar to those used by Virginia Indians in prehistoric times, were made here on a regular commercial basis until the factory closed in 1952. The property, located on the outskirts of the small Appomattox County town of Pamplin, now serves as a museum. Further study and archaeological examination on the Pamplin Pipe Factory property could reveal additional information on the evolution of pipe-manufacturing technology. It also may determine whether there is truth in the folk tradition that pipe making occurred on the site as early as the contact-period (c. 1607 to 1776).