Located in Frederick County, with a portion in the City of Winchester, the Kernstown Battlefield Historic District encompasses two parcels, the Pritchard-Grim Farm and the Sandy Ridge Tract. The historic district is significant for three Civil War battles notable for their impact on the Shenandoah Valley Campaigns of 1862 and 1864 and the Gettysburg Campaign of 1863. The Battle of First Kernstown (1862), despite it being the only tactical defeat of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson as an independent commander, prompted the movement of more Union troops from around Richmond to the Shenandoah Valley due to concerns for the safety of Washington, D.C.  The Battle of Second Winchester (1863), a Confederate victory, opened a clear path for invasion through Maryland and Pennsylvania and eventually the Battle of Gettysburg. The final Battle of Kernstown (1863), another victory for the South, created an opportunity for the Confederates to destroy the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Martinsburg and created a path to invade Maryland and Pennsylvania a second time. The Kernstown Battlefield Historic District is also notable for the three-story Greek Revival Pritchard House, constructed in ca. 1854, the ca. 1790 Pritchard Cabin and a tenant house constructed in the late 1850s. All three of these buildings on the Pritchard-Grim Farm were used as field hospitals during each of the battles.